• We found that the postnatal absence of norepinephrine yields

  2021-04-29

  

  We found that the postnatal absence of norepinephrine yields differing effects depending on noradrenergic receptor type and pentylenetetrazol receptor region. The density of α1-AR, indicated by [3H]prazosin binding was similar between Dbh+/− and Dbh−/− mice except for a significant increase in hipp

• br Concluding remarks A crucial

  2021-04-29

  

  Concluding remarks A crucial step in the microbial degradation of steroids is the 1(2)-dehydrogenation of the steroid nucleus by FAD-dependent Δ1-KSTDs. This step is required to initiate the opening of the steroid nucleus under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A large variety of steroid-deg

• The role of DDR in

  2021-04-29

  

  The role of DDR1 in glomerular injury has been then further studied by the Chatziantoniou group in experimentally-induced crescentic glomerulonephritis, by injection of alloimmune sheep nephrotoxic serum (NTS) [54]. Glomerulonephritis produced a 17-fold increase of DDR1 expression, predominantly in

• The IL family consists of nine related

  2021-04-29

  

  The IL-10 family consists of nine related molecules: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28α, IL-28β, and IL-29 [34]. These molecules have a somewhat conserved primary structure and contain a core of hydrophobic antibiotics and two pairs of disulfide bonds in the chain, giving them a simila

• br CDK Inhibitors for the Treatment

  2021-04-29

  

  CDK Inhibitors for the Treatment of inflammatory Diseases Several CDKs have been implicated as regulators of inflammatory gene expression. It will thus be very important to determine the relative contributions of the various CDKs and their kinase function on a systematic basis. This work will be

• Different types of environmentally induced

  2021-04-29

  

  Different types of environmentally induced antinociception have been reported in a wide range of species (e.g., Behbehani, 1995, Bolles and Fanselow, 1980, Harris, 1996, Millan, 2002, Rodgers, 1995). According to Bolles and Fanselow (1980), fear and pain are independent and competing motivational sy

• AON successfully alleviated the myotonic phenotype

  2021-04-28

  

  AON successfully alleviated the myotonic phenotype in DM model mice [18], [23]. To screen for an optimal AON sequence, we used 25-mer phosphorothioate 2′ O-methyl RNA molecules that covered the exon 6B or exon 7A. Unexpectedly, AON 7A (+63−8) which covers the boundary of intron 7A and exon 7A enhanc

• br Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science

  2021-04-28

  

  Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China (81072327 and 81273114), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20103234110005), Key Program of Educational Commission of Jiangsu Province of China (11KJA330002), and a Project Funded by the

• br Materials and methods br Results To investigate the effec

  2021-04-28

  

  Materials and methods Results To investigate the effect of 17βE on cell proliferation in the human renal tubular epithelia, BrdU uptake was measured in HRTEC primary and 3D-HRTEC cultures, allowing determination of the DNA replication rate. Representative microphotographs show BrdU uptake in H

• Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene exp

  2021-04-28

  

  Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene expression [1,2]. as two of the three estrogen receptors are transcription factors: Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ [[3], [4], [5]]. The most potent ligand estradiol, binds to ERα/ERβ and exerts changing cognate gene transcription [5]. O

• ERR and ERR share high sequence homology at

  2021-04-28

  

  ERRα and ERRγ share high sequence homology at their DNA binding domain (98% identity) and bind response elements in a similar fashion (Fig. 3 and Liu et al., 2005), yet ERRγ shows high variability in its capacity to stimulate the different response elements, whereas ERRα does not (Fig. 6A). For exam

• Introduction Obesity constitutes a global

  2021-04-28

  

  Introduction Obesity constitutes a global healthcare problem and has many adverse effects on the cardiovascular function [1,2]. Recently, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has emerged as a relevant fat depot for cardiovascular risk and as a potential trigger in vascular dysfunction. Indeed, PV

• Among the Ub interactions observed in the

  2021-04-28

  

  Among the ~Ub interactions observed in the HOIP structure is one that involves a RING2 domain (from the non-cognate HOIP) [47]. A similar binding interaction was defined between HHARI RING2 and the hydrophobic patch on Ub by NMR [54]. HHARI RING2 mutations that ablate the interaction inhibit formati

• FOX proteins constitute a large class of transcription facto

  2021-04-28

  

  FOX proteins constitute a large class of transcription factors with multiple functions, from development and organogenesis to regulation of metabolic and immune functions. The Fox transcription factor is characterized by a 100-amino-acid wing helix or forkhead DNA-binding domain. In addition, the FO

• Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease Local

  2021-04-28

  

  Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease. Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological development and progression of this disease [24]. In addition to TNF-α, several other cytokines, chemokines, and other factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein have been ind

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