• Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group

  2022-11-01

  

  Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of eye diseases showing a broad spectrum of clinical presentation and unknown aetiologies, that lead to a permanent loss of visual function due to the death of retinal ganglion p2x receptors and damage of the optical nerve. It is well accepted that a critic

• Adiponectin is an adipokine whose circulating level is deple

  2022-11-01

  

  Adiponectin is an adipokine whose circulating level is depleted in a number of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer (Khan et al., 2015, Singh et al., 2014a, Singh et al., 2014b, Yamauchi et al., 2014). Despite its importance in health and pathophysiology, adiponectin

• Notably both circulating adiponectin and adipsin

  2022-11-01

  

  Notably, both circulating adiponectin and adipsin were equally diminished by about 50% in Arfrp1 mice consistent with several studies reporting overlapping trafficking routes for their secretion from 3T3-L1 PQ 401 which was strikingly inhibited upon ablation of TfR-positive endosomes [18,26,33]. In

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by

  2022-11-01

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_14R28), the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No.: 2013CB733602), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of

• br A Rs which were cloned and then pharmacologically identif

  2022-11-01

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including AMD3100 8HCl involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists pro

• br Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling in retina of

  2022-11-01

  

  Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling in retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy Current therapeutic development of ROP focuses on directly targeting VEGF and HIF-1α signaling pathway (Cavallaro et al., 2014, Penn et al., 2008, Mintz-Hittner et al., 2011, Hartnett and Penn, 2012). However, cellula

• br Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and an

  2022-11-01

  

  Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and an increase in ADK is a pathologcial hallmark of epilepsy. The consequence of increased ADK in the epileptic quetiapine mechanism of action is a decrease in the ambient adenosine tone and A1R activity. As a result, systemic administration of A1

• Casein accounts for of the total protein in

  2022-11-01

  

  Casein accounts for 80% of the total protein in bovine milk (Capriotti, Cavaliere, Piovesana, Samperi, & Laganà, 2016); hydrolysates or bioactive peptides derived from casein have been employed widely in food as a functional ingredient (Capriotti et al., 2016, Field et al., 2008). Many studies have

• br Experimental procedure br Introduction Migraine is a debi

  2022-11-01

  

  Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of

• Several approved and or experimental drugs together with

  2022-11-01

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outc

• As the effects of baclofen on primary

  2022-11-01

  

  As the effects of baclofen on primary afferent activity are not reproduced by GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and isoguvacine, this ionotropic receptor may play minimal role in the modulation of primary afferent activity. However, it is important to note that post-synaptic GABAA receptors rema

• THZ531 Here the so called alkali

  2022-11-01

  

  Here the so-called alkali assay [18] is proposed as a method to be applied directly on the purified recombinant enzyme sharing the same structural and functional features of the wild-type enzyme [19], [20], [21] using its physiological substrate androstenedione. The assay that was already successful

• Another possible explanation of the increased BOP

  2022-11-01

  

  Another possible explanation of the increased BOP levels might be excess cement. In the present study, cement-retained fixed restorations were used. Cementation of the implant-supported restorations may cause the insufficient removal of excess cement from the peri-implant sulcus. Also, the placement

• br Antioxidant polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are

  2022-11-01

  

  Antioxidant-polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are usually used as a substitute for synthetics but some degradation phenomena could influence their applications. For example, ascorbic TC-I 2000 as a natural antioxidant undergoes yellowish coloration as a result of oxidation [29]. Sing and

• Most human diseases e g cancer diabetes and neurodegenerativ

  2022-11-01

  

  Most human diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases) are complex and multifactorial. Several investigations in the literature focused on new multi-target drug development, which implies active pharmacophores incorporation in one scaffold (Meunier, 2008, Lazar et al., 2004, Te

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